Objective Reasoning Against Capital Punishment - 736 Words

â€Å"Off with their heads!† was the answer to most problems of the Queen of Hearts, a famous character from â€Å"Alice in Wonderland.†1 Capital punishment has always been a controversial topic with proponents of both sides presenting numerous arguments to support their positions. A large portion of these arguments are of a moral or ethical nature. Defenders of the death penalty claim that it is the only just sentence for those who have taken a life, that such people do not deserve to live, and that it invokes fear in potential killers, to list but a few. Opponents of this form of punishment believe that vengeance and retribution are morally wrong, that even murderers have the unalienable right to live, that the act itself is cruel and barbaric, and so forth. The major problem with these arguments is that they are highly subjective. I believe that capital punishment should be abolished, but not for the subjective reasons just mentioned. It should be abolished because i t is objectively ineffective. The purpose of the death penalty and incarceration in general, is to act as a deterrent, to prevent, or at least to reduce the frequency of a specific type of crime. However, sending criminals to death row has not been proven to decrease the number of homicides, and in some cases, data suggest that it has actually increased it. A survey in 2009 of the United States’ top criminological societies showed that â€Å"88.2% of the polled criminologists do not believe that the death penalty is aShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Justified1248 Words   |  5 PagesExecutions have occurred in many forms for thousands of years. From Roman crucifixion to American lethal injection, capital punishments have one common goal: to offer retribution to a guilty party. However, in recent years, the death penalty has come under intense scrutiny. There are a great number of people who believe it should be abolished entirely and some who believe it should be us ed only in the most humane ways. In this paper, I will argue that the death penalty is justifiable in casesRead MoreThe Case Of Kennedy V. Louisiana976 Words   |  4 Pagesrape was so brutal. Louisiana law authorized capital punishment for the rape of a child twelve years and younger. Mr. Patrick Kennedy challenged his sentence under the eighteen amendments as cruel and unusual punishment. The Louisiana Supreme Court declined the challenged that the death penalty was not too harsh for such a wicked crime. In a Supreme Court decision Coker v. Georgia 1977 the United States Supreme Court concluded that capital punishment for rape of an adult women was not applicableRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Immoral1521 Words   |  7 PagesKemmler’ case has explained the punishment to deprive the person subjected to execution life so as to realize the way of the death penalty. Death punishment is necessary for those murders (Warden 394). The U.S. Supreme Court in the interpretation of the death penalty not as a torture, it is self-consistent with logic reasoning, but the reasoning depends on the correctness of the two major premises. One is for the death penalty is the one of mitigation of punishment system. Secondly, the meaning ofRead MoreEthics3978 Words   |  16 Pagesviewpoints that helped us define morality and how to apply it in new ways of thinking and reasoning when dealing with issues in our lives: consequential reasoning and non-consequential reasoning. Through an evaluation of my collected works, I will attempt to show an improvement in the areas of analytical skill building, knowledge acquisition, and practical application that are the key objectives of this class. The objective of these three skill areas was to help us better understand how to think ethicallyRead MoreSocial Punishment And Its Impact On Society Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout time, the use of punishment has changed drastically. Not only has the actual infliction of p unishment changed, the reasoning behind this punishment has also changed. There have been numerous scholars, educators, and researchers that have presented various theories on the reasoning behind societal punishment. Some of these theories are closely similar, however some are drastically different. It is important to note that these theorists have broad perceptions that can be rooted back to specificRead MoreAbolition of The Death Penalty Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pagesabolition of the inhumane act of capital punishment. Intense controversy over the legality of the death penalty in the United States has always been multi-faceted and emotionally charged. Constitutional lawyers insist the founding fathers made provision for the death penalty in the 5th amendment which guarantees â€Å"due process of law before a person can be deprived of life, liberty or property†, while ignoring the 8th amendment which bars cruel and unusual punishments (Singh, 2003). There is no constitutionalRead MoreWorking Class Forged Through Violence. W.E.B. Du Bois Challenges1598 Words   |  7 PagesBois challenges and modernizes Karl Marx view of Marxism in Black Reconstruction. Unlike Marx, he concludes that capitalism is imbedded in slavery and stresses that capital will use prison labor. In Capital, Vol. I, Marx neglects the role of violence in creating the working class. Du Bois emphasizes the use of violence used by capital to create a working class. Bloodshed is what allowed slaved to enter the working class. Du ring the Civil War, slaves joined the Northern troops to changed the narrativeRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Civil War1508 Words   |  7 Pagesspeeches, Lincoln states â€Å"I shall take care, as the constitution itself expressly enjoins on me, that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all states (Wills).† Along with â€Å"This war is to preserve the Union, not a crusade against slavery (Wills).† The objective was to bring seceded states back into the union, not to abolish slavery. War efforts shift gears from bringing the union back to abolishing slavery after Lincoln witnessed terrible treatment given to African Americans. The emancipationRead MoreGreat Philosophers : Moral Knowledge1430 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the inherent morality of an action—whether the essence of something is good or bad, right or wrong, and to what extent. Moral knowledge is impossible because there is too much disparity between moral judgments, as moral claims do not refl ect objective truths, but are manifestations of emotions, attitudes, and interests. Moral judgments do not stem from moral knowledge, for there are far too many discrepancies in what constitutes a moral act, quality, or behavior between cultures and individualsRead MoreCurrent Situation Regarding Prisons and Punishment1775 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough it may not be at the forefront of our minds, the current situation regarding prisons and punishment is worth discussing. On the matter of this often overlooked topic, Pope John Paul II said â€Å"Not to promote the interest of prisoners would be to make imprisonment a mere act of vengeance of the part of society, provoking only hatred in the prisoners themselves.† (July, 2000) The prison system is a global issue that affects the human potential, free will and innate goodness in man. (Lyons

Gender Biased in Medicine - 648 Words

Since the beginning of evolution, females have been subjected and objectified based on their gender. History taught us that when during the 19th century, Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist stated in his papers â€Å"The Origin of Man† (1859) and â€Å"Descent of Man† (1871) that men were superior to women. Unfortunately, such subjections to women still persist today; in politics, education, labor and surprisingly in science. Science supposed to be unbiased in disregard of gender. Scientist supposed to back the truth through fair and honest experiments without bias or sexual preference but history had taught us that even in science, women are perpetuated and â€Å"used† for their own patriarchal gain. In the paper â€Å"The Evolutionary Origins of Patriarchy† by Barbara Smuts, Smuts talks about evolutionary basis of male motivation to control female sexuality. Evolutionary psychology has its roots in Charles Darwin theory of Natural Selection-â€Å"Through natural selection, [Darwin] explained, men had become superior to woman in courage, energy, intellect and inventive genius and thus would inevitably excel in art, science and philosophy† (The Female Malady, p.122). Such publications not only gave burst to the male society (patriarchal) but gave them more reasons to perpetuate inequality. This is also corroborated by another journal, in the paper â€Å"The Origins of Sex Differences in Human Behavior† by Alice H. Eagly and Wendy Wood, which they conclude by saying that evolutionaryShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gender Norming974 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Norming What exactly is a standard? According to Webster’s dictionary, a standard is a level of quality or excellence that is accepted as the norm or by which actual attainments are judged. Standards are created because someone believes that a fair and efficient form of doing something is necessary. The military is full of these standards. One of the most widely known is the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT). It tests the maximum amount of push-ups and sit-ups a person can do in two minutesRead MoreDiscrimination Of The Science Industry Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination of Women in Science Men have been known to be the gender that dominates in the field of Science. The science industry is something that is perceived to be manly, and not pursued by women. This is an unfortunate assumption of the science industry. The only reason women are not the face of science is because the field is biased. Biased in 2016? Absolutely. Discrimination against women in the workplace is nothing new, especially in the field of science. There has been some change butRead MoreAn Abstract of Bernards the Good-Provider Role: Its Rise and Fall of the Good Provider1481 Words   |  6 PagesMonitored the realestate market. With that said, the idea of a â€Å"Substance Economy† comes into play, depicting husbands and wives as co-entrepreneurs. That said, it is later noted that the term provider surfaced in 1532, however, it had not yet become gender biased. According to Bernard, Webster’s Dictionary defines the good provider as â€Å"one who provides, especially, colloq, one who provides food, clothing, etc for his family; as he is a good or an adequate provider† (Bernard 1981:44). Therefore the wifeRead MoreWomen Of The Medical Field883 Words   |  4 PagesThis causes medical professionals to make decisions based on this research that may not be particularly appropriate for women, such as the fact that aspirin reduces the rate of heart attacks for men but not for women, much to many doctors’ surprise. Gender stereotypes also exist within the medical field that may prevent women from receiving the care and attention they need, as many doctors often assume women are emoti onal, and thus, exaggerating their symptoms, versus men who are believed to be moreRead MoreWomen Should Not Go Into Combat1404 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons which make a valid argument are as follows. For the positive side which believes women should go into combat, say that this decision should be dependent on a person’s skills and abilities to perform under these condition rather than their gender identity. Aside from this, there have been many recent developments in warfare technologies which accommodate to females bodies and many of these women can meet the physical and mental standards that are required for combat fighting. Moreover, theRead MoreArgumentative +/- Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis1001 Words   |  5 Pageshaving trouble conceiving, PGD increases the pregnancy rate by not implanting the weaker, or abnormal, embryos. Transition: With all these positives, you might be wondering, why the opposing view? Next we will learn why there s trouble where medicine meets ethics on this controversy. III. Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis brings forth many moral and ethical issues, along with some negative side effects. A. PGD can cause moral issues for those who believe that human life starts at conceptionRead MoreGenetically Modified Crops : A New Breakthrough Of The Agricultural Industry1636 Words   |  7 Pages275 to over 700 cases per 100,000 individuals. (Seattle Organic Restaurants) Despite seeing a significant rise in chronic illnesses, the correlation between GMOs and chronic illnesses is unknown. Nevertheless, the American Academy of Environmental medicine urges consumers not to wait before protecting themselves and their children. The academy believes that GMOs should be avoided until further tests have been conducted. (Smith) Many other health issues could arise from the use of GMOs. Some growthRead MoreHow Capitalism Promotes An Unfair Gender Biased System Essay1859 Words   |  8 Pageswhile creating an unfair system for women, leads to a bigger issue. Similarly, in this paper I will be discussing capitalism and its connection to the gender biased system that it creates in todayâ₠¬â„¢s society. This system results in many disadvantages for women, while on the other hand, men seem to be unaffected. Capitalism ultimately promotes a gender biased system in which the monetary status is upheld due to women rather than men. In the opening of this paper I will introduce Karl Marx’s theory ofRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease1269 Words   |  6 Pagesbackground (69.6%). Looking at these baseline characteristics of participants, the distribution of gender in the trial was biased towards men, as 73.8% of the total participants were male. This can give biased results, as there was not an equal distribution between male and female participants. Another characteristic of participants was that most were of Caucasian ethnic background; this can also give biased results, as there is not a proportional distribution between all ethnicities and therefore notRead MoreEssay On Transgender Athletes1501 Words   |  7 Pagesdoping-free sporting environment† and their core values include impartial, objective, balanced, and transparent, observing the highest ethical standards and avoid improper influences or conflicts of interests that would undermine our independent and un biased judgment, and developing policies, procedures, and practices that reflect justice, equity, and integrity (World Anti-Doping Agency). Paradoxically, in WADA’s 2017 list of prohibited substances and methods, testosterone, an anabolic agent, was listed

DOWNFALL Essay Example For Students

DOWNFALL Essay Caleb MacDonaldI have heard insidious tales of black rains that fall on ashen fields and metal thatscreams. Until now I have consoled myself that these were nothing more than thedelusions of some poor fevered mind. But today I met a harbinger from this desolateplace, and now I fear the truth. The harbinger had been influencing my destiny even before I awoke this morning. Throughout the night my mind was haunted with the visions of a desolate land whichinspired such a feeling of pure hopelessness and a sheer will to die that I awoke to find mypillow soaked in tears. In the center of the cursed landscape stood an ancient chapel; thesame chapel which lies at the outskirts of the village, and so ended the dream. In the early morning when I awoke my mind was instantly assaulted by anannoying sensation. A sensation that serves to remind one that he has forgotten to do onething or another. Then, just after I had finished breaking fast, the sensation revealed itstrue purpose. I was told to travel to the chapel at the edge of the village; the same chapelwhich had haunted my slumber earlier. At this point madness must have surged through my blood for before I understoodwhat was happening I found myself staring at the rickety old sign at the border of ourtown which read Melas. As I came nearer to the chapel I expected the tormentingsensation in my head to diminish. Alas, it did not. The truth is that the throbbingincreased to what I can only describe as a cranial vibration. This timbre was not painful,however, nor uncomfortable, but pleasant. Up ahead loomed the ancient chapel. It had been abandoned for nearly a centuryand some invisible force kept the decrepit mortar and pale stones in their place s. Butbefore I was close enough to glimpse the building itself, I saw the glow. An eerie crimsonlight radiated from the three small windows on the side of the chapel visible to me. Mysterious figures within caused the glow to dance and flicker over the tombstones of thegraveyard which neighbored the chapel. The shadows seemed alive. Shadows? This was when I first realized that the sky was dark. It had beenmorning mere minutes ago when Id left my home. I looked to the heavens. What I sawhorrified me. The sun had retreated behind the moon, and now the pale queen ruled theday. Again madness (or stupidity) overtook my mind and I continued on my quest. Upuntil this point I had no memories of the journey between my home and where I nowstood in front of the chapel. It was as if I had been comatose as I traveled to this place. Now, however, time slowed drastically and I found myself standing in front of thedouble oak doors. Shards of red light stabbed out from the cracks and rotting orifice s inthe wood. With one fell thrust I threw open the doors and rushed in, courageoverflowing. The dozens of small leather skinned demons and gutted virgin tied to the Satanicaltar that I had expected were instead replaced by a mere girl of no more than fifteenyears. She was dressed in a customary gown and bonnet of our culture. Her voice,however, was less than customary. It was somehow infinitely low and malevolent. Hervoice made the rotting pews crumble to dust, and the candlesticks blaze with a flameusually reserved for an inferno. She was suddenly more a demon than any leather skinnedbeast. Then she opened her eyelids which had been shut tight thus far, and in doing sorevealed total darkness. Whether her eyes were black coals or empty pits was unclear. The combination of her eyes and voice knocked me to the cold stone floor. Then shespoke. .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 , .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .postImageUrl , .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 , .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04:hover , .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04:visited , .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04:active { border:0!important; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04:active , .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04 .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua20f4dd6fab9adf0a0270d95338aad04:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Upside Down Kingdom EssayListen, flesh, and listen well for we are feeling generous, said the harbinger. Wha.?, was my only reply before she interrupted me. She continued, We have glimpsed your future and we know your fate. Avoid theman in the black cloth with the hidden face, for he shall bring about your destruction. Dothis and remain flesh . . . ignore us and become us. And then she was gone. In an instant the harbinger disappeared, the destroyed pews were restored and thesun reclaimed the sky. All was as it should be, except that I was sprawled upon the cold,stone floor, confused, yet determined. I was resolved to avoid any and all shrouded menin the near and distant future. I slowly made my way home with the intent of completing not only my dayschores, but the remainder of my days on this earth without the interference of any darkclothed strangers. En route to my humble abode I passed, on two occasions, personsunknown to me wearing black cloaks, and twice I retreated to the opposite side of theroad, diverting my eyes from them as they glanced in my direction. The moment I arrived at my dwelling I began my duties for I was well behindschedule. Several hours after the sun had fallen behind the horizon I completed my tasks. I was grateful to be able to put this day behind me at last, and although my strangeencounter lingered on in memory it now seemed no more than a dream itself. I told myselfthis over and over again until I believed it to be true. Dream or no dream, I would neverlook at a stranger in black the same again. Unfortunately, I would never get theopportunity. After I readied my sleeping attire and dimmed the lantern, but before my pillowcould g reet my weary head, the last man in black I would ever see came to me. He stoodnear the window, his features hidden in the darkness. The lantern was of little use for thesmall amount of light that it did project never reached the stranger, for I stood betweenthe two. How could he have arrived through the window? I thought to myself for it hadbeen bolted shut for many years. I didnt receive an answer until it was too late. For athird time I was struck with temporary madness, but this time rage accompanied it and Ilashed out against this black menace in a fevered charge. But when I arrived at the pointwhere I thought the man should be I was shocked to discover that there never was a manstanding there. I had attacked my own reflection in the window. I was allowed a momentto feel foolish before I realized that it was too late to stop my crazed assault before Iplummeted from the second story window of my cottage, landing upon my skull. I diedinstantly. And so it was that my temporary insanity, imagined sense of impending doom andunharnessed temper led to my downfall.literally.

Is Global Warming Natural or Man

Introduction There is little doubt that our earth is undergoing a gradual increase in temperature. Baffling statistics by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) indicate that the earth’s temperature has risen by roughly 0.6 degrees Celsius, the highest since the mid 1800s, further reports indicate that thesix year periog between1997 and 2003 were the hottest years ever recorded.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Global Warming Natural or Man-made? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Worst is yet to come as the United Nations committee on climate has predicted a temperature rise of between 1.8 to 6 Degrees Celsius by the end of the century, this is enough to melt all ice and polar caps around the world (IPPC, 2007). This would spell disaster as many countries, cities and towns will be submerged, including the Netherlands and New York City. Global warming is real and unless we act appropriately, almost half of all earth will be under the sea at the turn of the century. Natural or man-made? In the past few years, the threat of global warming has appeared real and this has led to debates over its cause. The media, politicians and the general population have been divided on this topic. Skeptics argue that human activity is not the leading cause of global warming and assert that earth’s climate will change continuously, as it has done in the past, human activities not withstanding (Singer, pp. 1). However, to understand the actual cause(s) of global warming, we need to understand how the process occurs. The main cause of global warming is Greenhouse gases, this consists of water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and Ozone. The highest contributor of these gases to the atmosphere is man. The Industrial Revolution had greatly increased the amounts of CO2, CH4, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere with levels of CO2 and CH4 increasing by 40% and 150% respectively since the mid 18th century. These values are the highest during the last 650,000 years, the last time CO2 levels were higher than the present levels was roughly 20 million years ago (IPPC, 2007). High levels of CO2 have been caused by burning fossil fuels and de-forestation, man is the cause of both (Simon et al, 2010). A recent study examined more than seven million studies of temperature, salinity, and other factors that affect the world’s water systems collected by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and compared them with predictions from computer simulations. The study found out that natural occurrences in the atmosphere, such as volcanic eruptions and the sun’s activities, could not sufficiently account for global warming. Simulations based on human activities, however, corresponded exactly to the observations. The study eliminated all possible causes of global warming and was left with one culprit: man (Henderson, 20 05). The study also simulated past and future consequences of global warming and the findings were nothing to be admired and cannot be merely dismissed.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Global warming could cause disastrous effects in the future, for example, a study undertaken by a team of scientists led by Ruth Curry of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found out that 20,000 square kilometers of ice in the Arctic melted between 1965 and 1995. Continued melting at this rate could destabilize the ocean currents that keep Britain warmer than other European countries (Henderson, 2005). Solution The evidence that man is responsible for global warming is admissible, therefore, solutions to global warming lies with us. The solution to global warming is quite simple, one does not have to make long journeys or spend large amounts of money, rather, implementation of the strategi es that are outlined below will assist in averting this menace. The first step is energy efficiency. This is a very large topic and covers almost all facets of energy use contributing to global warming. Energy efficiency involves adoption of energy forms that limit global warming, also referred to as alternative or renewable energy. The three main sources of these energy forms are the sun, tidal and wind energy. Other forms include hydroelectric, geothermal, diesel and biodiesel energy forms. Solar and wind energy present us with a greener and more environmentally friendly energy options, besides being renewable, they can be harnessed from almost anywhere on earth. Another simple process of keeping global warming in check is to plant trees around the house, school or in any open field. As simple as it may sound, this goes a long way to eliminating the Greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and hence making the earth cooler. Other outdoor activities such as using bicycles or walking ov er short distances instead of using a car are very pivotal in reducing the levels of Greenhouse gases. We should strive to recycle materials around the house, especially non-biodegradable types such as packaging material. Plastic packaging bags can be re-used to reduce the environmental damage related to these materials. The manufacturing process of plastic bags also leads to an increase in CO2 in the atmosphere. Conclusion The evidence that global warming is caused by man is overwhelming, but the question of how to go about it remains controversial. Scientists have mentioned that even if we stopped releasing Greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere, the earth would still be hotter by a degree Fahrenheit.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Global Warming Natural or Man-made? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, whatever action we take today makes a big difference towards stabilizing mother earth’s te mperature. Studies show that we have to cut emissions of Greenhouse gases by around 75% in order to reach safe levels. This is a major challenge, but through adoption of energy efficient technologies and practicing energy conservation at home, school or at the workplace, we can all achieve it. Works Cited Henderson, Mark. New proof that man has caused global warming. Times Online.  February 18, 2005. Web. IPCC. Summary for Policymakers. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.  Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Simon, Eric, Reece, Jane, Dickey, L. Jean, and Dickey, Jean. Campbell Essential  Biology. San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2010. Singer, Fred. Global Warming: Man-Made or Natural? Imprimis. Vol 36, No. 8, August 2007. This essay on Is Global Warming Natural or Man-made? was written and submitted by user Haiden Weeks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Classical music or Rock. essays

Classical music or Rock. essays Music takes a huge part in our lives. There are lots of different kinds of music and people listen it all the time. However people listen not every kind of music, for example, some prefer classical music, another rock music. Two different kinds of music, which have so many differences, but probably they have also some similarities. There are several questions about which I would like to talk, to find out how different and how similar those two kinds of music have. Why do people choose play classical or rock music? Which kind of audience they have? What is more popular? Now, lets take a What are influence people to make a decision to play classical or rock music? Is it environment around them? Probably yes, family and friends take important part in a decision. If parents listen classical music, go to concerts with their child, there is a big chance that the child will like classical music and probably he will play any instrument. On another hand, friends who can have influence on decision about which kind music to listen. Child go to the school and at the University where he spend so much time with his mates, whose might not listen classical music at all. Fiends can start play in band and maybe compose rock music. Person can become interested in that kind of music either. Finally, it is depend on personal feelings about music, which kind makes you feel good, which kind makes your spirit up, with which kind you feel comfortable. Those are reasons which make people choose one style of music or another. When people are already professionals playing classical music or rock, which kind of audience do they have? It is seems obviously, adults and old people go to listen classical music and young people go to the rock concerts. However it is happened not always. You can see young people on the performers ...

An Understanding of Managment Tools The WritePass Journal

An Understanding of Managment Tools An Understanding of Managment Tools IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction With some 740 stores in 54 countries, the Spanish clothing retailer Zara has hit on a formula for supply chain management that works by challenging conventional wisdom. This excerpt from a recent Harvard Business Review profile on how Zara’s supply chain communicates, allowing it to design, produce, and deliver a garment in fifteen days. Zara’s history began in 1963 when Amancio Ortega Gaona opened Confecciones GOA in La Coruà ±a, to manufacture women’s pyjamas and lingerie products for garment wholesalers. In 1975, after a German customer cancelled a sizable order, the firm opened its first Zara retail shop in La Coruà ±a. The original intention was simply to have an outlet for cancelled orders. However, the experience taught the firm the importance of a ‘marriage’ between manufacturing and retailing a lesson that has guided the evolution of the company ever since. From a starting point of six stores in 1979, the company established retail operations in all the major Spanish cities during the 1980’s. In 1985, Confecciones GOA created Inditex as the head of the corporate group. In 1988, the first Zara store outside Spain opened in Porto, Portugal, followed shortly by a store in New York City in 1989 and Paris in 1990. However, the real ‘step-up’ in foreign expansion took place during the 1990s when Inditex entered 29 countries in Europe, the Americas and Asia. In parallel with its overseas expansion, Inditex diversified its retail offering by another adjacency expansion with new brands like Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka and Stradivarius to meet new customer segments. However, Zara still count for eighty per cent of Inditex’s revenue. Each of Inditex’s brands operates independently, but shares the commitment to supply fashion at affordable prices and all employ similar management models for the control of the total supply chain to maximize speed to market. Fig 1 illustrates Inditex’s expansion. The figure imitates the stem of a tree, which gain a new circle for every year that goes by. The circles indicate the different expansion Inditex has accomplished, moving from being a fabric to opening its first store and to opening other clothing chains. These types of expansions justify as adjacency expansion. Adjacency expansion draws the skills in the core business to build a competitive advantage in a new adjacent competitive arena in order to target different customer segments. This adjacency expansion has lead to the need of changing Inditex’s core business. Inditex has shifted from being a fabric working towards several retailers, to becoming a big concern covering most parts of the production as well as the final sale. To grow into a new adjacency around a once-successful core business is the critical factor in 75 per cent of today’s total business disasters. The American grocery chains Wal-Mart and Kmart illustrate an example on difficulties in adjacency expansion. They both open their first grocery store in 1962. Wal-Mart successfully moved into adjacency such as Sam’s Club, electronics and Mexico, one by one. Kmart however, struggled more with the expansion. They moved from books to sporting goods and even to a chain of department stores in Czechoslovakia. This drifted Kmart into bankruptcy. Showing that even though they started out equally, the different choose of steps in adjacency expansion lead one to be a big failure and the other to be one of USA most respected companies. Another example is Nike versus Reebok, which in 1990 had almost equal revenue. While Nike had a clear strategy, consisting of a repeatable process it had developed and refined over a decade, to attack one sport after another with the help of different famous athletes, Reebok’s path was a mystery to those covering the company. They expanded in different directions and as their core shoe business was doing badly, they kept on expanding into new unconnected arias. In addition, Nike’s strong adjacencies expansion made it even harder for Reebok to increase the total sale and ended up decreasing its revenue. It is not easy to know which expansion that is the right expansion. However, after studying adjacencies expansion in over 100 companies, Chris Zook presents primary six ways to expand the boundaries of business .Fig 2 illustrates these expansions. This is trough new businesses, forward integration, new geographies, new channels, new customer segments or new products. In parallel to Inditex’s, Zara has accomplished several adjacencies expansions during its history. One of two main expansions is by moving from selling women’s underwear and pyjamas to regular clothes, shoes, handbags and even make-up. This signifies product adjacencies by marketing a new product or service to core customers. This is one of the most commonly pursued and highest potential adjacencies. The other main growth is by expanding into selling men’s wear and children’s wear. These customer adjacencies modifying a proven product or technology to enter a very new market segment and are a major adjacency move for most companies. In addition, Zara continuously expand their business by successfully opening new stores around the world and at the same time enlarge their local industry by expanding the focused production in Spain. Geographic adjacencies move into new geographic areas, is a type of adjacency expansion that companies consistently underestimate in complexity. Zara has also achieved new business adjacencies by opening Zara Home, a store that sell accessories to the home like kitchen wear and bedclothes. With this, it builds a new business around a strong capability and essentially repositioning it. This is the rarest form of adjacency move, and the most difficult to achieve success with. In addition, Zara has also expanded with channel adjacencies by offering a small proportion of its collection on Internet sale. Although this is more for promotion, it is still a channel adjacency expansion. All of Zara’s different expansion fits into the primary six ways to expire the boundaries of business. Fig. 3 illustrated that Zara has expanded in every direction. Finding a repeatable method of moving into new adjacencies, one after the other has a clear benefit in the learning curve. This contributes to competitive advantage making the adjacencies better and faster each time. Zara’s supply chain In an interview with CNN, Jose Maria Castellano, chief executive at Inditex, talked about Zara’s supply chain and indicated its unusual structure by saying: Investment banks used to say that this model did not work, but we have shown that it gives us more flexibility in production, sales and stock management, At a Zara store, customers can several times a week find new products. The whole collection is in limited supply and they achieve a tempting exclusivity by only displaying a few items, even though the stores are spacious. It makes the customer think, This green shirt fits me, and there is only one on the rack. If I dont buy it now, Ill lose my chance. Zara has built a concept around ‘fast fashion’. Moving away from the traditionally one collection per session, Zara continually design, produce and deliver new styles. They base their business on demand instead of forecasting. Picking up what people wear on the street, at the university or at a nightclub, Zara’s designer’s catches ideas for new styles and can present them in a Zara store only two weeks later, while most of the competitors has a lead-time over three months. This makes Zara always able to offer the latest fashion in it store, leading to more sale and fewer discounts. Such a retail concept depends on the regular creation and rapid replacement of small batches of new goods. Zara’s designers create approximately 40,000 new designs annually and select 10,000 of them for production. Some of them resemble the latest fashion design creations. Zara often beats the high-fashion houses to the market and offers almost the same products, made with less expensive fabric, to much lower prices. This fast fashion system depends on a constant exchange of information throughout every part of Zara’s supply chain. From customers to store managers, store managers to market specialists and designers, designers to production staff, buyers to subcontractors, warehouse managers to distributors, and so on. Most companies insert layers of bureaucracy that can bog down communication between departments. Zaras organization, operational procedures, performance measures, and even its office layouts, all are designed to make information transfer easy. Zaras single, centralized design and production centre is in Inditex headquarters in La Coruà ±a. It consists of three spacious halls, one for each of the three clothing lines, women, men and children. Unlike most companies, which try to remove unnecessary labour to cut costs, Zara makes a point of running three parallel, but operationally distinct, product families. Though it is more expensive to operate three channels, the information flow for each channel is fast, direct, and unencumbered by problems in other channels, making the overall supply chain more responsive. Each clothing line has separate design, sales, and procurement and production-planning staffs. A store may receive three different calls from La Coruà ±a in one week from a market specialist in each channel; a factory making shirts may deal simultaneously with two Zara managers, one for mens shirts and another for childrens shirts. In each hall, floor to ceiling windows overlooking the Spanish countryside reinforce a sense of cheery informality and openness. Unlike companies that sequester their design staffs, Zaras cadre of 200 designers sits right in the centre of the production process. The designers are usually in their twenties and got the job because of their enthusiasm and talent, no prima donnas allowed. Split among the three lines, they work next to the market specialists and procurement and production planners. Large circular tables play host to spontaneous meetings. Racks of the latest fashion magazines and catalogues fill the walls. A small prototype shop has been set up in the corner of each hall, which encourages everyone to comment on new garments as they evolve. The physical and organizational proximity of the three groups increases both the speed and the quality of the design process. Designers can fast and easy check initial sketches with colleagues. Market specialists, who are in constant touch with store managers and many of whom have been store managers themselves, provide quick feedback about the look of the new designs (style, colour, fabric, and so on) and suggest possible market price points. Procurement and production planners make preliminary, but crucial, estimates of manufacturing costs and available capacity. The cross-functional teams can examine prototypes in the hall, choose a design, and commit resources for its production and introduction in a few hours, if necessary. Once the team selects a prototype for production, the designers refine colours and textures on a computer-aided design system. If the item is to be made in one of Zara’s factories, they transmit the specs directly to the relevant cutting machines and other systems in that factory. Bar codes track the cut pieces as they converts into garments through the various steps involved in production, including sewing operations, distribution, and delivery to the stores, where the communication cycle began. Zara manufacture approximately fifty per cent of its products in its own network of 22 Spanish factories, 18 of which are located in and around the La Coruà ±a complex, and use around 500 subcontractors located close to the head office for all sewing operations. Zara closely monitor these sewing operations to ensure quality, compliance with labour laws, and adherence to the production schedule. The subcontractors are responsible for picking up and deliver the production items to the factory. Here each piece is inspected during ironing, placed in plastic bags and sent to the distribution centre. The other half of its products are procured from 400 outside suppliers, seventy per cent of which are in Europe, and most of the rest in Asia. Many of the European suppliers are located in Spain and Portugal, close to the headquarters. Zara exploits this geographical proximity in order to ensure quick response to Zara’s orders. From Asia, Zara procures basic products and those for which the region has a clear cost or quality advantage. Having the factories in and near Spain gives Zara a tremendous amount of control and flexibility. The location of the production can be seen as a cost trade-off with the cost saved on transportation. Although the increased cost in production will not be offset by the cost reduction in transportation concerning the labour cost is on average 17-20 times the cost in Asia. For its in-house production, Zara obtain forty per cent of its fabric supply from another Inditex-owned subsidiary. The rest of the fabrics come from a range of 260 other suppliers, none account for more than four per cent of Zara’s total production in order to minimize any dependency on single suppliers and encourage maximum responsiveness from them. Most of the fabrics are ordered un-dyed and dyed in one of Inditex manufacturing facilities. By having its own dying facility Zara can quicker respond to demands and it gain less inventory by not storing every fabric in a range of colours. Moreover, if one fabric is not used it can easily be used next season independent of the colures of the next trend. All products pass through Zara’s major distribution centre in La Coruà ±a. In addition, it also has a smaller distribution centre in Zaragoza. The trucks, which run on a bus schedule, deliver to the stores twice a week, using a maximum of 24 hours to stores inside Europe and 48 hours in America. All in all this supply chain, as illustrated in Fig 4, is giving a lead-time on two to four weeks, with a price thirty per cent higher than its competitors and a need to discount only 18 percent of its production. Outsource Zara is careful about the way it deploys the latest information technology tools to facilitate these informal exchanges. Customized handheld computers support the connection between the retail stores and La Coruà ±a. These PDA’s supplement regular, often weekly, phone conversations between the store managers and the market specialists assigned to them. Through the PDA’s and telephone conversations, stores transmit all kinds of information to La Coruà ±a, such hard data as orders and sales trends and such soft data as customer reactions and the buzz around a new style. While any company can use PDA’s to communicate, Zara’s flat organization ensures that important conversations do not fall through the bureaucratic cracks. The constant flow of updated data eases the bullwhip effect, the tendency of supply chains and all open-loop information systems to amplify small disturbances. A small change in retail orders, for example, can result in wide fluctuations in factory orders after transmitting through wholesalers and distributors. In an industry that traditionally allows retailers to change a maximum of twenty per cent of their orders once the season has started, Zara lets them adjust forty to fifty percent. In this way, Zara avoids costly overproduction and the subsequent sales and discounting prevalent in the industry. The insistent introduction of new products in small quantities, ironically, reduces the usual costs associated with running out of any particular item. Indeed, Zara makes a virtue of stock-outs. Empty racks do not drive customers to other stores because the shoppers can always choose form new things. Being out of stock in one item helps sell another, since people are often happy to snatch what they can. In fact, Zara has an informal policy of moving unsold items after two or three weeks. This can be an expensive practice for a typical store, but since Zara stores receive small shipments and carry little inventory, the risks are small, unsold items account for less than ten per cent of stock, compared with the industry average of 17 to twenty per cent. Furthermore, new merchandise displayed in limited quantities and the short window of opportunity for purchasing items motivate people to visit Zara’s shops more frequently than they visit other stores. Consumers in central London , for example, visit the average store four times annually, but Zaras customers visit its shops an average of 17 times a year. The high traffic in the stores circumvents the need for advertising: Zara devotes just 0.3 per cent of its sales on ads, while its rivals spend three to four per cent. References ZARA Outsourcing = http://industrialeducation.blogspot.com/2009/08/study-of-supply-chain-zara-fast-fashion.html (31/03/11)

A A Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A A - Assignment Example Such stories have always included characters in them that would usually symbolize a certain group or class of people living in the society. With this in mind, to analyze deeper into the social contexts in these stories, we will be looking at some of the main characters in both stories and relate them to the people that are existent today. Both are classics but at the same time, both of these classic children stories have been a journey that transcends time and reaches into the present 21st century. The original Peter Pan was dark and rhetorical English tale (Flores 2011). Old English folk stories provoked of vile creatures and dark premises in such stories often offered the fantasies of heroic creatures with powers that a plain human do not exhibit. One of these stories was Peter Pan. The original text was written in 1915 and was greatly influenced by medieval background as how literature back then was inspired. The roots of the Peter Pan that caters to the children of today was originally a Peter Pan that was a novel that talked about dire and scary creatures that used magic, that were beastly and ravage. Only the turnaround in the Disney made the Peter Pan stories cater to kids because of the animation although the subliminal meaning it sends is still from the original roots of Peter Pan. Peter Pan is a lost boy who doesn’t grow up may be related to people of today, yesterday and tomorrow that refuses to hold to responsibilities and move on with the cycle of life. They insist on staying on the tracks where all is consisted of happy thoughts and the like. Peter may refer to the main influence that keeps the lost boys together. The society today is filled with people who gang up together pursuing the pleasures of life instead of the responsibilities that the traditional life has always expected of people. Peter Pan’s arch enemy is a pirate in the person of Captain